My biggest tip for writing an Abstract is to start with a structured Abstract format - and then remove the headings when you are finished (unless a structured Abstract is required). That is, break down the Abstract into the following headings and include 1-2 sentences per heading:
Background: key aspects of the literature review
Problem under investigation or research question(s)
Clearly stated hypothesis or hypotheses
Methods used (including brief descriptions of the study design, sample, and sample size)
Study results
Implications (i.e., why this study is important, applications of the results or findings)
Question: What is the easiest way to lose marks for an Abstract? Answer: In my opinion - ending your Abstract with a generic statement. That is, one that could apply to virtually any study and contains no study-specific information. E.g., "Findings are discussed with respect to relevant theories" OR "The implications of the findings as well possible ideas for future studies are discussed".
Tip: Tailor the implications to your findings. E.g., “Implications of the findings for X aspect of X theory are discussed." OR “Implications for practice, including the design of targeted X interventions are discussed". OR "Recommendations for future studies to investigate X as a mediator of the effects, are discussed”.
Remember the Abstract is an important first impression for the marker!
For formatting, check out the APA Style Guide here.
Happy Researching!
